Baseline Survey of Impact Evaluation of Interventions to Support Women-Owned Firms in Three Cities

• Country: Mozambique
• Summary: Baseline Survey of Impact Evaluation of Interventions to Support Women-Owned Firms in Three Cities
• MZT Ref No: 51386111
• Deadline: 31 Mar 2021
• Financier: World Bank (WB)
• Purchaser Ownership: Government
• Tender Value: Refer Document
• Notice Type: Tender
• Document Ref. No.: 1273629
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• Description:
• Expression of Interest are invited for Baseline Survey of Impact Evaluation of Interventions to Support Women-Owned Firms in Three Cities in Mozambique. REQUEST FOR EXPRESSION OF INTEREST FOR SELECTION # 1273629 This Request for Expression of Interest is for a Firm Selection. Please log in as a valid Firm User if you wish to express interest in this selection. Selection Information Assignment Title Baseline Survey of Impact Evaluation of Interventions to Support Women-Owned Firms in three cities in Mozambique Publication Date 17-Mar-2021 Expression of Interest Deadline 31-Mar-2021 at 11:59:59 PM (Eastern Time - Washington D.C.) Language of Notice English Selection Notice Assignment Country · MZ - Mozambique Funding Sources The World Bank Group intends to finance the assignment/services under: · BB - BANK BUDGET · TF0A8293 - WB We-Fi Mozambique Individual/Firm The consultant will be a firm. Assignment Description PURPOSE These Terms of Reference (ToR) are for a Consultant (Firm) to implement a baseline quantitative data collection for a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) in Mozambique. The primary goal of this consultancy is to collect data on the entrepreneurial behavior, business success, and the personal and household attitudes and behavior of 1,700 women business owners that form part of this study, and on 850 spouses/partners/significant others of 850 of the 1,700 women business owners, for a total of 2,550 surveys. This data collection will be conducted in the context of the Women Entrepreneurs Finance Initiative (We-Fi) Bottom-up vs. top-down interventions to foster female entrepreneurship in Mozambique. The evaluation will be led by the World Banks Africa Gender Innovation Lab; the World Bank Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice; the University of Warwick and Leuphana University of Lueneburg (henceforth the World Bank research team). The analysis of the data collected will be conducted by the World Bank research team, not the Consultant. BACKGROUND In Mozambique, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are not a large portion of the overall population of enterprises, as 90% of the firms are micro enterprises operating in the informal sector. According to a recent survey, 54% of informal firms are female-owned, but only 17% of the formal enterprises with at least five workers have majority female ownership. For a large proportion of women in Mozambique, entrepreneurship is a fallback option. While female participation in the labor force is relatively high - 80% of adult women are economically active - women are concentrated in informal services such as retail of groceries and hairdressing. Women are more likely than men to be in small-scale entrepreneurship. Nevertheless, for some women in Mozambique, entrepreneurship constitutes an important opportunity. About 25% of the 50,000 SMEs in Mozambique are female-owned. Within those, a group of female entrepreneurs with access to formal education is seeking to tap into the growing market and opportunities in services and small-scale manufacturing linked to high-performing sectors. Yet, they have to fully realize their potential. Overall, female-owned firms in Mozambique underperform compared to male-owned ones on sales, profits, capital and labor investment. Social role theory provides a possible explanation for the difference in business performance. According to this theory, biological sex differences have over time developed into shared beliefs about differential social roles of men and women. These norms result in gender stereotypes which constitute shared societal beliefs about characteristics and attributes of men and women. Importantly, one of these gender stereotypes leads to the attribution of communal and caring behavior to women and of agentic and daring behavior to men. Women are expected to be the primary caretaker in a family, while men are expected to be agentic and take risks to provide for the family. Hence, social gender roles may prevent business behaviors and performance by establishing certain roles for women in the households and in society. Female entrepreneurs may have internalized gender stereotypes, leading to the perceived necessity to prioritize their primary caring role over the agentic role of an entrepreneur. Therefore, women oftentimes start a business only if they need to, and if they do, they limit their entrepreneurial effort as they constantly need to balance their business involvement with household duties and responsibilities. This can in turn result in structural disadvantages for female entrepreneurs and lead them to develop certain behavioral tendencies that may prevent business success. Furthermore, in the business environment, lack of access to finance, lack of access to business networks, and lack of access to markets are mentioned in the literature as greater barriers for women entrepreneurs. While economic opportunities are expanding in some industries such as extractives, agribusiness, retail and specialized services, businesses within these markets are conducted mostly through small business networks, typically male-based, leaving limited opportunities for emerging female-owned firms. Addressing the binding constraints to accessing these markets will be critical for promoting the growth of female-owned enterprises. Furthermore, in Mozambique, the gender gap on access to finance has been growing with mens financing increasing 2.4 times faster in recent years than those of women . Even if legal barriers do not exist, womens ability to be registered as the owner of assets and to freely trade or use assets as collateral to secure finance is limited. Sociocultural norms where women play the caring role and maintain the household, even when women are more productive and likely to produce more income than men, decreases womens time to focus on income generating pursuits . Also, most of the formal finance is provided against property collateral, which historically have been in the name of men. Women entrepreneurs, who tend to have relatively more movable assets than men, oftentimes rank access to finance as the most significant constraint limiting the growth of their business . To support the development of women-owned enterprises, the Women Entrepreneurs Finance Initiative (We-Fi) seeks to address financial and non-financial constraints faced by women-owned/led SMEs in eligible countries and territories. The World Bank We-Fi (WB We-Fi) Program in Mozambique aims to increase access to markets and finance of female-owned firms in the country, through addressing both internal (interiorized gender norms) and external (business environment) barriers to female entrepreneurship. In this context, the World Bank research team is conducting a Randomized Control Trial (RCT) to test these underlying constraints to female entrepreneurship in Mozambique. In particular, this evaluation will measure the impacts of two types of interventions (bottom-up vs. top-down solutions) as well as the combination of these two interventions to overcome gender-related norms affecting business success. The bottom-up intervention, a Social Gender Role (SGR) training, seeks to empower women to overcome internalized gender-related norms. The top-down intervention is a facilitation service to overcome structural business environment blocks in womens access to finance, networks, and markets (FNM). The study will comprise a sample of 1,700 women that have applied to participate in the program. There will be three treatment arms. The participants will have an equal chance of being selected into the SGR, FNM, and the combined SGR & FNM interventions (the treatment groups); or not receiving either of the interventions (the control group). The participants will be based in both urban and peri-urban areas in and surrounding Maputo, Beira, and one of the following two cities: Nampula or Pemba. All of the participants will be business owners. They will not know if they have been selected into the program before the baseline survey has been completed. As part of the survey, the spouses/partners/significant others of 850 of the women business owners will also be interviewed. OBJECTIVE The objective of this consultancy is to successfully and efficiently collect the baseline quantitative survey data, as a basis for the Randomized Control Trial (RCT), prior to the implementation of the interventions under the We-Fi. SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES AND DELIVERABLES Survey Data Collection The quantitative survey will interview a total of 1,700 women business owners from a list of 2,000 eligible applicants in three cities in Mozambique that form part of the study: Maputo, Beira, and one among Nampula or Pemba, and 850 spouses/partners/significant others. The World Bank research team will notify the Consultant which among Nampula or Pemba is selected prior to the commencement of any activities. The number of participants in each of the three cities is not known at this stage. All interviews will be conducted face-to-face, and the survey questionnaires will include both closed-ended and open-ended questions. It will be prepared by the World Bank research team. Each interview of a woman business owner will take approximately 180 minutes. Each interview of a spouse/partner/significant other will take approximately 60 minutes to complete. For budgeting purposes, the Consultant should assume that each enumerator be able to complete, on average, two full interviews of the women business owners and one full interview of a spouse/partner/significant other per day. Attachments · Optional TOR File Qualification Criteria · 1. Provide information showing that they are qualified in the field of the assignment. · 2. Provide information on the technical and managerial capabilities of the firm. · 3. Provide inf
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